salt-formula/_modules/virtng.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Work with virtual machines managed by libvirt

:depends: libvirt Python module
'''
# Special Thanks to Michael Dehann, many of the concepts, and a few structures
# of his in the virt func module have been used

# Import python libs
from __future__ import absolute_import
import collections
import copy
import os
import re
import sys
import shutil
import subprocess
import string  # pylint: disable=deprecated-module
import logging

# Import third party libs
import yaml
import jinja2
import jinja2.exceptions
import salt.ext.six as six
from salt.ext.six.moves import StringIO as _StringIO  # pylint: disable=import-error
from salt.utils.odict import OrderedDict
from xml.dom import minidom
from xml.etree import ElementTree
try:
    import libvirt  # pylint: disable=import-error
    HAS_ALL_IMPORTS = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_ALL_IMPORTS = False

# Import salt libs
import salt.utils
import salt.utils.files
import salt.utils.templates
import salt.utils.validate.net
from salt.exceptions import CommandExecutionError, SaltInvocationError

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Set up template environment
JINJA = jinja2.Environment(
    loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(
        os.path.join(salt.utils.templates.TEMPLATE_DIRNAME, 'virt')
    )
)

VIRT_STATE_NAME_MAP = {0: 'running',
                       1: 'running',
                       2: 'running',
                       3: 'paused',
                       4: 'shutdown',
                       5: 'shutdown',
                       6: 'crashed'}

VIRT_DEFAULT_HYPER = 'kvm'


def __virtual__():
    if not HAS_ALL_IMPORTS:
        return False
    return 'virtng'


def __get_conn():
    '''
    Detects what type of dom this node is and attempts to connect to the
    correct hypervisor via libvirt.
    '''
    # This has only been tested on kvm and xen, it needs to be expanded to
    # support all vm layers supported by libvirt

    def __esxi_uri():
        '''
        Connect to an ESXi host with a configuration like so:

        .. code-block:: yaml

            libvirt:
              hypervisor: esxi
              connection: esx01

        The connection setting can either be an explicit libvirt URI,
        or a libvirt URI alias as in this example. No, it cannot be
        just a hostname.


        Example libvirt `/etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf`:

        .. code-block::

            uri_aliases = [
              "esx01=esx://10.1.1.101/?no_verify=1&auto_answer=1",
              "esx02=esx://10.1.1.102/?no_verify=1&auto_answer=1",
            ]

        Reference:

         - http://libvirt.org/drvesx.html#uriformat
         - http://libvirt.org/uri.html#URI_config
        '''
        connection = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:connection', 'esx')
        return connection

    def __esxi_auth():
        '''
        We rely on that the credentials is provided to libvirt through
        its built in mechanisms.

        Example libvirt `/etc/libvirt/auth.conf`:

        .. code-block::

            [credentials-myvirt]
            username=user
            password=secret

            [auth-esx-10.1.1.101]
            credentials=myvirt

            [auth-esx-10.1.1.102]
            credentials=myvirt

        Reference:

          - http://libvirt.org/auth.html#Auth_client_config
        '''
        return [[libvirt.VIR_CRED_EXTERNAL], lambda: 0, None]

    if 'virt.connect' in __opts__:
        conn_str = __opts__['virt.connect']
    else:
        conn_str = 'qemu:///system'

    conn_func = {
        'esxi': [libvirt.openAuth, [__esxi_uri(),
                                    __esxi_auth(),
                                    0]],
        'qemu': [libvirt.open, [conn_str]],
        }

    hypervisor = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:hypervisor', 'qemu')

    try:
        conn = conn_func[hypervisor][0](*conn_func[hypervisor][1])
    except Exception:
        raise CommandExecutionError(
            'Sorry, {0} failed to open a connection to the hypervisor '
            'software at {1}'.format(
                __grains__['fqdn'],
                conn_func[hypervisor][1][0]
            )
        )
    return conn


def _get_dom(vm_):
    '''
    Return a domain object for the named vm
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    if vm_ not in list_vms():
        raise CommandExecutionError('The specified vm is not present')
    return conn.lookupByName(vm_)


def _libvirt_creds():
    '''
    Returns the user and group that the disk images should be owned by
    '''
    g_cmd = 'grep ^\\s*group /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf'
    u_cmd = 'grep ^\\s*user /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf'
    try:
        group = subprocess.Popen(g_cmd,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].split('"')[1]
    except IndexError:
        group = 'root'
    try:
        user = subprocess.Popen(u_cmd,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0].split('"')[1]
    except IndexError:
        user = 'root'
    return {'user': user, 'group': group}


def _get_migrate_command():
    '''
    Returns the command shared by the different migration types
    '''
    if __salt__['config.option']('virt.tunnel'):
        return ('virsh migrate --p2p --tunnelled --live --persistent '
                '--undefinesource ')
    return 'virsh migrate --live --persistent --undefinesource '


def _get_target(target, ssh):
    proto = 'qemu'
    if ssh:
        proto += '+ssh'
    return ' {0}://{1}/{2}'.format(proto, target, 'system')


def _gen_xml(name,
             cpu,
             mem,
             diskp,
             nicp,
             hypervisor,
             **kwargs):
    '''
    Generate the XML string to define a libvirt vm
    '''
    hypervisor = 'vmware' if hypervisor == 'esxi' else hypervisor
    mem = mem * 1024  # MB
    context = {
        'hypervisor': hypervisor,
        'name': name,
        'cpu': str(cpu),
        'mem': str(mem),
    }
    if hypervisor in ['qemu', 'kvm']:
        context['controller_model'] = False
    elif hypervisor in ['esxi', 'vmware']:
        # TODO: make bus and model parameterized, this works for 64-bit Linux
        context['controller_model'] = 'lsilogic'

    if 'boot_dev' in kwargs:
        context['boot_dev'] = []
        for dev in kwargs['boot_dev'].split():
            context['boot_dev'].append(dev)
    else:
        context['boot_dev'] = ['hd']

    if 'enable_vnc' in kwargs:
        context['enable_vnc'] = kwargs['enable_vnc']
        log.info('VNC enabled: {0}.'.format(kwargs['enable_vnc']))
    if 'serial_type' in kwargs:
        context['serial_type'] = kwargs['serial_type']
    if 'serial_type' in context and context['serial_type'] == 'tcp':
        if 'telnet_port' in kwargs:
            context['telnet_port'] = kwargs['telnet_port']
        else:
            context['telnet_port'] = 23023  # FIXME: use random unused port
    if 'serial_type' in context:
        if 'console' in kwargs:
            context['console'] = kwargs['console']
        else:
            context['console'] = True

    context['disks'] = {}
    context['cdrom'] = []
    for i, disk in enumerate(diskp):
        for disk_name, args in disk.items():
            if args.get('device', 'disk') == 'cdrom':
                context['cdrom'].append(args)
                continue
            context['disks'][disk_name] = {}
            fn_ = '{0}.{1}'.format(disk_name, args['format'])
            context['disks'][disk_name]['file_name'] = fn_
            context['disks'][disk_name]['source_file'] = os.path.join(args['pool'],
                                                                      name,
                                                                      fn_)
            if hypervisor in ['qemu', 'kvm']:
                context['disks'][disk_name]['target_dev'] = 'vd{0}'.format(string.ascii_lowercase[i])
                context['disks'][disk_name]['address'] = False
                context['disks'][disk_name]['driver'] = True
            elif hypervisor in ['esxi', 'vmware']:
                context['disks'][disk_name]['target_dev'] = 'sd{0}'.format(string.ascii_lowercase[i])
                context['disks'][disk_name]['address'] = True
                context['disks'][disk_name]['driver'] = False
            context['disks'][disk_name]['disk_bus'] = args['model']
            context['disks'][disk_name]['type'] = args['format']
            context['disks'][disk_name]['index'] = str(i)

    context['nics'] = nicp

    fn_ = 'libvirt_domain.jinja'
    try:
        template = JINJA.get_template(fn_)
    except jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound:
        log.error('Could not load template {0}'.format(fn_))
        return ''

    xml = template.render(**context)

    # Add cdrom devices separately because a current template doesn't support them.
    if context['cdrom']:
        xml_doc = ElementTree.fromstring(xml)
        xml_devs = xml_doc.find('.//devices')
        cdrom_xml_tmpl = """<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
          <driver name='{driver_name}' type='{driver_type}'/>
          <source file='{filename}'/>
          <target dev='{dev}' bus='{bus}'/>
          <readonly/>
        </disk>"""
        for disk in context['cdrom']:
            cdrom_elem = ElementTree.fromstring(cdrom_xml_tmpl.format(**disk))
            xml_devs.append(cdrom_elem)
        xml = ElementTree.tostring(xml_doc)
    return xml

def _gen_vol_xml(vmname,
                 diskname,
                 size,
                 hypervisor,
                 **kwargs):
    '''
    Generate the XML string to define a libvirt storage volume
    '''
    size = int(size) * 1024  # MB
    disk_info = _get_image_info(hypervisor, vmname, **kwargs)
    context = {
        'name': vmname,
        'filename': '{0}.{1}'.format(diskname, disk_info['disktype']),
        'volname': diskname,
        'disktype': disk_info['disktype'],
        'size': str(size),
        'pool': disk_info['pool'],
    }
    fn_ = 'libvirt_volume.jinja'
    try:
        template = JINJA.get_template(fn_)
    except jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound:
        log.error('Could not load template {0}'.format(fn_))
        return ''
    return template.render(**context)


def _qemu_image_info(path):
    '''
    Detect information for the image at path
    '''
    ret = {}
    out = __salt__['cmd.shell']('qemu-img info {0}'.format(path))

    match_map = {'size': r'virtual size: \w+ \((\d+) byte[s]?\)',
                 'format': r'file format: (\w+)'}

    for info, search in match_map.items():
        try:
            ret[info] = re.search(search, out).group(1)
        except AttributeError:
            continue
    return ret


# TODO: this function is deprecated, should be replaced with
# _qemu_image_info()
def _image_type(vda):
    '''
    Detect what driver needs to be used for the given image
    '''
    out = __salt__['cmd.shell']('qemu-img info {0}'.format(vda))
    if 'file format: qcow2' in out:
        return 'qcow2'
    else:
        return 'raw'


# TODO: this function is deprecated, should be merged and replaced
# with _disk_profile()
def _get_image_info(hypervisor, name, **kwargs):
    '''
    Determine disk image info, such as filename, image format and
    storage pool, based on which hypervisor is used
    '''
    ret = {}
    if hypervisor in ['esxi', 'vmware']:
        ret['disktype'] = 'vmdk'
        ret['filename'] = '{0}{1}'.format(name, '.vmdk')
        ret['pool'] = '[{0}] '.format(kwargs.get('pool', '0'))
    elif hypervisor in ['kvm', 'qemu']:
        ret['disktype'] = 'qcow2'
        ret['filename'] = '{0}{1}'.format(name, '.qcow2')
        if 'img_dest' in kwargs:
            ret['pool'] = kwargs['img_dest']
        else:
            ret['pool'] = __salt__['config.option']('virt.images')
    return ret


def _disk_profile(profile, hypervisor, **kwargs):
    '''
    Gather the disk profile from the config or apply the default based
    on the active hypervisor

    This is the ``default`` profile for KVM/QEMU, which can be
    overridden in the configuration:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        virt:
          disk:
            default:
              - system:
                  size: 8192
                  format: qcow2
                  model: virtio

    Example profile for KVM/QEMU with two disks, first is created
    from specified image, the second is empty:

    .. code-block:: yaml

        virt:
          disk:
            two_disks:
              - system:
                  size: 8192
                  format: qcow2
                  model: virtio
                  image: http://path/to/image.qcow2
              - lvm:
                  size: 32768
                  format: qcow2
                  model: virtio

    The ``format`` and ``model`` parameters are optional, and will
    default to whatever is best suitable for the active hypervisor.
    '''
    default = [
          {'system':
             {'size': '8192'}
          }
    ]
    if hypervisor in ['esxi', 'vmware']:
        overlay = {'format': 'vmdk',
                   'model': 'scsi',
                   'pool': '[{0}] '.format(kwargs.get('pool', '0'))
                  }
    elif hypervisor in ['qemu', 'kvm']:
        if 'img_dest' in kwargs:
            pool = kwargs['img_dest']
        else:
            pool = __salt__['config.option']('virt.images')
        overlay = {'format': 'qcow2', 'model': 'virtio', 'pool': pool}
    else:
        overlay = {}

    disklist = copy.deepcopy(__salt__['config.get']('virt:disk', {}).get(profile, default))
    for key, val in overlay.items():
        for i, disks in enumerate(disklist):
            for disk in disks:
                if key not in disks[disk]:
                    disklist[i][disk][key] = val
    return disklist


def _nic_profile(profile_name, hypervisor, **kwargs):

    def append_dict_profile_to_interface_list(profile_dict):
        for interface_name, attributes in profile_dict.items():
            attributes['name'] = interface_name
            interfaces.append(attributes)

    def _normalize_net_types(attributes):
        '''
        Guess which style of definition:

            bridge: br0

             or

            network: net0

             or

            type: network
            source: net0
        '''
        for type_ in ['bridge', 'network']:
            if type_ in attributes:
                attributes['type'] = type_
                # we want to discard the original key
                attributes['source'] = attributes.pop(type_)

        attributes['type'] = attributes.get('type', None)
        attributes['source'] = attributes.get('source', None)
        attributes['virtualport'] = attributes.get('virtualport', None)

    def _apply_default_overlay(attributes):
        for key, value in overlays[hypervisor].items():
            if key not in attributes or not attributes[key]:
                attributes[key] = value

    def _assign_mac(attributes):
        dmac = '{0}_mac'.format(attributes['name'])
        if dmac in kwargs:
            dmac = kwargs[dmac]
            if salt.utils.validate.net.mac(dmac):
                attributes['mac'] = dmac
            else:
                msg = 'Malformed MAC address: {0}'.format(dmac)
                raise CommandExecutionError(msg)
        else:
            attributes['mac'] = salt.utils.gen_mac()


    default = [{'eth0': {}}]
    vmware_overlay = {'type': 'bridge', 'source': 'DEFAULT', 'model': 'e1000'}
    kvm_overlay = {'type': 'bridge', 'source': 'br0', 'model': 'virtio'}
    overlays = {
            'kvm': kvm_overlay,
            'qemu': kvm_overlay,
            'esxi': vmware_overlay,
            'vmware': vmware_overlay,
            }

    # support old location
    config_data = __salt__['config.option']('virt.nic', {}).get(
        profile_name, None
    )

    if config_data is None:
        config_data = __salt__['config.get']('virt:nic', {}).get(
            profile_name, default
        )

    interfaces = []

    if isinstance(config_data, dict):
        append_dict_profile_to_interface_list(config_data)

    elif isinstance(config_data, list):
        for interface in config_data:
            if isinstance(interface, dict):
                if len(interface) == 1:
                    append_dict_profile_to_interface_list(interface)
                else:
                    interfaces.append(interface)

    for interface in interfaces:
        _normalize_net_types(interface)
        _assign_mac(interface)
        if hypervisor in overlays:
            _apply_default_overlay(interface)

    return interfaces


def init(name,
         cpu,
         mem,
         image=None,
         nic='default',
         hypervisor=VIRT_DEFAULT_HYPER,
         start=True,  # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
         disk='default',
         saltenv='base',
         rng=None,
         loader=None,
         machine=None,
         cpu_mode=None,
         cpuset=None,
         **kwargs):
    '''
    Initialize a new vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt 'hypervisor' virt.init vm_name 4 512 salt://path/to/image.raw
        salt 'hypervisor' virt.init vm_name 4 512 nic=profile disk=profile
    '''

    rng = rng or {'backend':'/dev/urandom'}
    hypervisor = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:hypervisor', hypervisor)
    if kwargs.get('seed') not in (False, True, None, 'qemu-nbd', 'cloud-init'):
        log.warning(
            "The seeding method '{0}' is not supported".format(kwargs.get('seed'))
        )

    nicp = _nic_profile(nic, hypervisor, **kwargs)

    diskp = _disk_profile(disk, hypervisor, **kwargs)

    if image:
        # Backward compatibility: if 'image' is specified in the VMs arguments
        # instead of a disk arguments. In this case, 'image' will be assigned
        # to the first disk for the VM.
        disk_name = next(diskp[0].iterkeys())
        if not diskp[0][disk_name].get('image', None):
            diskp[0][disk_name]['image'] = image

    # Create multiple disks, empty or from specified images.
    for disk in diskp:
        log.debug("Creating disk for VM [ {0} ]: {1}".format(name, disk))

        for disk_name, args in disk.items():

            if hypervisor in ['esxi', 'vmware']:
                if 'image' in args:
                    # TODO: we should be copying the image file onto the ESX host
                    raise SaltInvocationError('virt.init does not support image '
                                              'template template in conjunction '
                                              'with esxi hypervisor')
                else:
                    # assume libvirt manages disks for us
                    xml = _gen_vol_xml(name,
                                       disk_name,
                                       args['size'],
                                       hypervisor,
                                       **kwargs)
                    define_vol_xml_str(xml)

            elif hypervisor in ['qemu', 'kvm']:

                disk_type = args['format']
                disk_file_name = '{0}.{1}'.format(disk_name, disk_type)
                # disk size TCP cloud
                disk_size = args['size']

                if 'img_dest' in kwargs:
                    img_dir = kwargs['img_dest']
                else:
                    img_dir = __salt__['config.option']('virt.images')
                img_dest = os.path.join(
                    img_dir,
                    name,
                    disk_file_name
                )
                img_dir = os.path.dirname(img_dest)
                if not os.path.isdir(img_dir):
                    os.makedirs(img_dir)

                if 'image' in args:
                    # Create disk from specified image
                    sfn = __salt__['cp.cache_file'](args['image'], saltenv)
                    try:
                        salt.utils.files.copyfile(sfn, img_dest)
                        mask = os.umask(0)
                        os.umask(mask)
                        # Apply umask and remove exec bit

                        # Resizing image TCP cloud
                        cmd = 'qemu-img resize ' + img_dest  + ' ' +  str(disk_size) + 'M'
                        subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)

                        mode = (0o0777 ^ mask) & 0o0666
                        os.chmod(img_dest, mode)

                    except (IOError, OSError) as e:
                        raise CommandExecutionError('problem while copying image. {0} - {1}'.format(args['image'], e))

                    if kwargs.get('seed') in (True, 'qemu-nbd'):
                        install = kwargs.get('install', True)
                        seed_cmd = kwargs.get('seed_cmd', 'seedng.apply')

                        __salt__[seed_cmd](img_dest,
                                           id_=name,
                                           config=kwargs.get('config'),
                                           install=install)
                else:
                    # Create empty disk
                    try:
                        mask = os.umask(0)
                        os.umask(mask)
                        # Apply umask and remove exec bit

                        # Create empty image
                        cmd = 'qemu-img create -f ' + disk_type + ' '  + img_dest  + ' ' +  str(disk_size) + 'M'
                        subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)

                        mode = (0o0777 ^ mask) & 0o0666
                        os.chmod(img_dest, mode)

                    except (IOError, OSError) as e:
                        raise CommandExecutionError('problem while creating volume {0} - {1}'.format(img_dest, e))

            else:
                # Unknown hypervisor
                raise SaltInvocationError('Unsupported hypervisor when handling disk image: {0}'
                                          .format(hypervisor))

    cloud_init = kwargs.get('cloud_init', {})

    # Seed Salt Minion config via Cloud-init if required.
    if kwargs.get('seed') == 'cloud-init':
        # Recursive dict update.
        def rec_update(d, u):
            for k, v in u.iteritems():
                if isinstance(v, collections.Mapping):
                    d[k] = rec_update(d.get(k, {}), v)
                else:
                    d[k] = v
            return d

        cloud_init_seed = {
            "user_data": {
                "salt_minion": {
                    "conf": {
                        "master": __salt__['config.option']('master'),
                        "id": name
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        cloud_init = rec_update(cloud_init_seed, cloud_init)

    # Create a cloud-init config drive if defined.
    if cloud_init:
        if hypervisor not in ['qemu', 'kvm']:
            raise SaltInvocationError('Unsupported hypervisor when '
                                      'handling Cloud-Init disk '
                                      'image: {0}'.format(hypervisor))
        cfg_drive = os.path.join(img_dir, 'config-2.iso')
        vm_hostname, vm_domainname = name.split('.', 1)

        def OrderedDict_to_dict(instance):
            if isinstance(instance, basestring):
                return instance
            elif isinstance(instance, collections.Sequence):
                return map(OrderedDict_to_dict, instance)
            elif isinstance(instance, collections.Mapping):
                if isinstance(instance, OrderedDict):
                    instance = dict(instance)
                for k, v in instance.iteritems():
                    instance[k] = OrderedDict_to_dict(v)
                return instance
            else:
                return instance

        # Yaml.dump dumps OrderedDict in the way to be incompatible with
        # Cloud-init, hence all OrderedDicts have to be converted to dict first.
        user_data = OrderedDict_to_dict(cloud_init.get('user_data', None))

        __salt__["cfgdrive.generate"](
            dst=cfg_drive,
            hostname=vm_hostname,
            domainname=vm_domainname,
            user_data=user_data,
            network_data=cloud_init.get('network_data', None),
        )
        diskp.append({
            'config_2': {
                'device': 'cdrom',
                'driver_name': 'qemu',
                'driver_type': 'raw',
                'dev': 'hdc',
                'bus': 'ide',
                'filename': cfg_drive
            }
        })

    xml = _gen_xml(name, cpu, mem, diskp, nicp, hypervisor, **kwargs)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    xml_doc = minidom.parseString(xml)
    if cpuset:
        xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("vcpu")[0].setAttribute('cpuset', cpuset)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    if cpu_mode:
        cpu_xml = xml_doc.createElement("cpu")
        cpu_xml.setAttribute('mode', cpu_mode)
        xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("domain")[0].appendChild(cpu_xml)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    if machine:
        os_xml = xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("domain")[0].getElementsByTagName("os")[0]
        os_xml.getElementsByTagName("type")[0].setAttribute('machine', machine)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    if loader and 'path' not in loader:
        log.info('`path` is a required property of `loader`, and cannot be found. Skipping loader configuration')
        loader = None
    elif loader:
        loader_xml = xml_doc.createElement("loader")
        for key, val in loader.items():
            if key == 'path':
                continue
            loader_xml.setAttribute(key, val)
        loader_path_xml = xml_doc.createTextNode(loader['path'])
        loader_xml.appendChild(loader_path_xml)
        xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("domain")[0].getElementsByTagName("os")[0].appendChild(loader_xml)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    for _nic in nicp:
        if _nic['virtualport']:
            interfaces = xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("domain")[0].getElementsByTagName("devices")[0].getElementsByTagName("interface")
            for interface in interfaces:
                if interface.getElementsByTagName('mac')[0].getAttribute('address').lower() == _nic['mac'].lower():
                    vport_xml = xml_doc.createElement("virtualport")
                    vport_xml.setAttribute("type", _nic['virtualport']['type'])
                    interface.appendChild(vport_xml)

    # TODO: Remove this code and refactor module, when salt-common would have updated libvirt_domain.jinja template
    if rng:
        rng_model = rng.get('model', 'random')
        rng_backend = rng.get('backend', '/dev/urandom')
        rng_xml = xml_doc.createElement("rng")
        rng_xml.setAttribute("model", "virtio")
        backend = xml_doc.createElement("backend")
        backend.setAttribute("model", rng_model)
        backend.appendChild(xml_doc.createTextNode(rng_backend))
        rng_xml.appendChild(backend)
        if 'rate' in rng:
            rng_rate_period = rng['rate'].get('period', '2000')
            rng_rate_bytes = rng['rate'].get('bytes', '1234')
            rate = xml_doc.createElement("rate")
            rate.setAttribute("period", rng_rate_period)
            rate.setAttribute("bytes", rng_rate_bytes)
            rng_xml.appendChild(rate)
        xml_doc.getElementsByTagName("domain")[0].getElementsByTagName("devices")[0].appendChild(rng_xml)

    xml = xml_doc.toxml()
    define_xml_str(xml)

    if start:
        create(name)

    return True


def list_vms():
    '''
    Return a list of virtual machine names on the minion

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.list_vms
    '''
    vms = []
    vms.extend(list_active_vms())
    vms.extend(list_inactive_vms())
    return vms


def list_active_vms():
    '''
    Return a list of names for active virtual machine on the minion

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.list_active_vms
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    vms = []
    for id_ in conn.listDomainsID():
        vms.append(conn.lookupByID(id_).name())
    return vms


def list_inactive_vms():
    '''
    Return a list of names for inactive virtual machine on the minion

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.list_inactive_vms
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    vms = []
    for id_ in conn.listDefinedDomains():
        vms.append(id_)
    return vms


def vm_info(vm_=None):
    '''
    Return detailed information about the vms on this hyper in a
    list of dicts:

    .. code-block:: python

        [
            'your-vm': {
                'cpu': <int>,
                'maxMem': <int>,
                'mem': <int>,
                'state': '<state>',
                'cputime' <int>
                },
            ...
            ]

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.vm_info
    '''
    def _info(vm_):
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        raw = dom.info()
        return {'cpu': raw[3],
                'cputime': int(raw[4]),
                'disks': get_disks(vm_),
                'graphics': get_graphics(vm_),
                'nics': get_nics(vm_),
                'maxMem': int(raw[1]),
                'mem': int(raw[2]),
                'state': VIRT_STATE_NAME_MAP.get(raw[0], 'unknown')}
    info = {}
    if vm_:
        info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    else:
        for vm_ in list_vms():
            info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    return info


def vm_state(vm_=None):
    '''
    Return list of all the vms and their state.

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.vm_state <vm name>
    '''
    def _info(vm_):
        state = ''
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        raw = dom.info()
        state = VIRT_STATE_NAME_MAP.get(raw[0], 'unknown')
        return state
    info = {}
    if vm_:
        info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    else:
        for vm_ in list_vms():
            info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    return info


def node_info():
    '''
    Return a dict with information about this node

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.node_info
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    raw = conn.getInfo()
    info = {'cpucores': raw[6],
            'cpumhz': raw[3],
            'cpumodel': str(raw[0]),
            'cpus': raw[2],
            'cputhreads': raw[7],
            'numanodes': raw[4],
            'phymemory': raw[1],
            'sockets': raw[5]}
    return info


def get_nics(vm_):
    '''
    Return info about the network interfaces of a named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_nics <vm name>
    '''
    nics = {}
    doc = minidom.parse(_StringIO(get_xml(vm_)))
    for node in doc.getElementsByTagName('devices'):
        i_nodes = node.getElementsByTagName('interface')
        for i_node in i_nodes:
            nic = {}
            nic['type'] = i_node.getAttribute('type')
            for v_node in i_node.getElementsByTagName('*'):
                if v_node.tagName == 'mac':
                    nic['mac'] = v_node.getAttribute('address')
                if v_node.tagName == 'model':
                    nic['model'] = v_node.getAttribute('type')
                if v_node.tagName == 'target':
                    nic['target'] = v_node.getAttribute('dev')
                # driver, source, and match can all have optional attributes
                if re.match('(driver|source|address)', v_node.tagName):
                    temp = {}
                    for key, value in v_node.attributes.items():
                        temp[key] = value
                    nic[str(v_node.tagName)] = temp
                # virtualport needs to be handled separately, to pick up the
                # type attribute of the virtualport itself
                if v_node.tagName == 'virtualport':
                    temp = {}
                    temp['type'] = v_node.getAttribute('type')
                    for key, value in v_node.attributes.items():
                        temp[key] = value
                    nic['virtualport'] = temp
            if 'mac' not in nic:
                continue
            nics[nic['mac']] = nic
    return nics


def get_macs(vm_):
    '''
    Return a list off MAC addresses from the named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_macs <vm name>
    '''
    macs = []
    doc = minidom.parse(_StringIO(get_xml(vm_)))
    for node in doc.getElementsByTagName('devices'):
        i_nodes = node.getElementsByTagName('interface')
        for i_node in i_nodes:
            for v_node in i_node.getElementsByTagName('mac'):
                macs.append(v_node.getAttribute('address'))
    return macs


def get_graphics(vm_):
    '''
    Returns the information on vnc for a given vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_graphics <vm name>
    '''
    out = {'autoport': 'None',
           'keymap': 'None',
           'listen': 'None',
           'port': 'None',
           'type': 'vnc'}
    xml = get_xml(vm_)
    ssock = _StringIO(xml)
    doc = minidom.parse(ssock)
    for node in doc.getElementsByTagName('domain'):
        g_nodes = node.getElementsByTagName('graphics')
        for g_node in g_nodes:
            for key, value in g_node.attributes.items():
                out[key] = value
    return out


def get_disks(vm_):
    '''
    Return the disks of a named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_disks <vm name>
    '''
    disks = {}
    doc = minidom.parse(_StringIO(get_xml(vm_)))
    for elem in doc.getElementsByTagName('disk'):
        sources = elem.getElementsByTagName('source')
        targets = elem.getElementsByTagName('target')
        if len(sources) > 0:
            source = sources[0]
        else:
            continue
        if len(targets) > 0:
            target = targets[0]
        else:
            continue
        if target.hasAttribute('dev'):
            qemu_target = ''
            if source.hasAttribute('file'):
                qemu_target = source.getAttribute('file')
            elif source.hasAttribute('dev'):
                qemu_target = source.getAttribute('dev')
            elif source.hasAttribute('protocol') and \
                    source.hasAttribute('name'):  # For rbd network
                qemu_target = '{0}:{1}'.format(
                        source.getAttribute('protocol'),
                        source.getAttribute('name'))
            if qemu_target:
                disks[target.getAttribute('dev')] = {
                    'file': qemu_target}
    for dev in disks:
        try:
            hypervisor = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:hypervisor', 'kvm')
            if hypervisor not in ['qemu', 'kvm']:
                break

            output = []
            qemu_output = subprocess.Popen(['qemu-img', 'info',
                disks[dev]['file']],
                shell=False,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
            snapshots = False
            columns = None
            lines = qemu_output.strip().split('\n')
            for line in lines:
                if line.startswith('Snapshot list:'):
                    snapshots = True
                    continue

                # If this is a copy-on-write image, then the backing file
                # represents the base image
                #
                # backing file: base.qcow2 (actual path: /var/shared/base.qcow2)
                elif line.startswith('backing file'):
                    matches = re.match(r'.*\(actual path: (.*?)\)', line)
                    if matches:
                        output.append('backing file: {0}'.format(matches.group(1)))
                    continue

                elif snapshots:
                    if line.startswith('ID'):  # Do not parse table headers
                        line = line.replace('VM SIZE', 'VMSIZE')
                        line = line.replace('VM CLOCK', 'TIME VMCLOCK')
                        columns = re.split(r'\s+', line)
                        columns = [c.lower() for c in columns]
                        output.append('snapshots:')
                        continue
                    fields = re.split(r'\s+', line)
                    for i, field in enumerate(fields):
                        sep = ' '
                        if i == 0:
                            sep = '-'
                        output.append(
                            '{0} {1}: "{2}"'.format(
                                sep, columns[i], field
                            )
                        )
                    continue
                output.append(line)
            output = '\n'.join(output)
            disks[dev].update(yaml.safe_load(output))
        except TypeError:
            disks[dev].update(yaml.safe_load('image: Does not exist'))
    return disks


def setmem(vm_, memory, config=False):
    '''
    Changes the amount of memory allocated to VM. The VM must be shutdown
    for this to work.

    memory is to be specified in MB
    If config is True then we ask libvirt to modify the config as well

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.setmem myvm 768
    '''
    if vm_state(vm_) != 'shutdown':
        return False

    dom = _get_dom(vm_)

    # libvirt has a funny bitwise system for the flags in that the flag
    # to affect the "current" setting is 0, which means that to set the
    # current setting we have to call it a second time with just 0 set
    flags = libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_MEM_MAXIMUM
    if config:
        flags = flags | libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_AFFECT_CONFIG

    ret1 = dom.setMemoryFlags(memory * 1024, flags)
    ret2 = dom.setMemoryFlags(memory * 1024, libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_AFFECT_CURRENT)

    # return True if both calls succeeded
    return ret1 == ret2 == 0


def setvcpus(vm_, vcpus, config=False):
    '''
    Changes the amount of vcpus allocated to VM. The VM must be shutdown
    for this to work.

    vcpus is an int representing the number to be assigned
    If config is True then we ask libvirt to modify the config as well

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.setvcpus myvm 2
    '''
    if vm_state(vm_) != 'shutdown':
        return False

    dom = _get_dom(vm_)

    # see notes in setmem
    flags = libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_VCPU_MAXIMUM
    if config:
        flags = flags | libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_AFFECT_CONFIG

    ret1 = dom.setVcpusFlags(vcpus, flags)
    ret2 = dom.setVcpusFlags(vcpus, libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_AFFECT_CURRENT)

    return ret1 == ret2 == 0


def freemem():
    '''
    Return an int representing the amount of memory that has not been given
    to virtual machines on this node

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.freemem
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    mem = conn.getInfo()[1]
    # Take off just enough to sustain the hypervisor
    mem -= 256
    for vm_ in list_vms():
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        if dom.ID() > 0:
            mem -= dom.info()[2] / 1024
    return mem


def freecpu():
    '''
    Return an int representing the number of unallocated cpus on this
    hypervisor

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.freecpu
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    cpus = conn.getInfo()[2]
    for vm_ in list_vms():
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        if dom.ID() > 0:
            cpus -= dom.info()[3]
    return cpus


def full_info():
    '''
    Return the node_info, vm_info and freemem

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.full_info
    '''
    return {'freecpu': freecpu(),
            'freemem': freemem(),
            'node_info': node_info(),
            'vm_info': vm_info()}


def get_xml(vm_):
    '''
    Returns the XML for a given vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_xml <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.XMLDesc(0)


def get_profiles(hypervisor=None):
    '''
    Return the virt profiles for hypervisor.

    Currently there are profiles for:

     - nic
     - disk

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.get_profiles
        salt '*' virtng.get_profiles hypervisor=esxi
    '''
    ret = {}
    if hypervisor:
        hypervisor = hypervisor
    else:
        hypervisor = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:hypervisor', VIRT_DEFAULT_HYPER)
    virtconf = __salt__['config.get']('virt', {})
    for typ in ['disk', 'nic']:
        _func = getattr(sys.modules[__name__], '_{0}_profile'.format(typ))
        ret[typ] = {'default': _func('default', hypervisor)}
        if typ in virtconf:
            ret.setdefault(typ, {})
            for prf in virtconf[typ]:
                ret[typ][prf] = _func(prf, hypervisor)
    return ret


def shutdown(vm_):
    '''
    Send a soft shutdown signal to the named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.shutdown <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.shutdown() == 0


def pause(vm_):
    '''
    Pause the named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.pause <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.suspend() == 0


def resume(vm_):
    '''
    Resume the named vm

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.resume <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.resume() == 0


def create(vm_):
    '''
    Start a defined domain

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.create <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.create() == 0


def start(vm_):
    '''
    Alias for the obscurely named 'create' function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.start <vm name>
    '''
    return create(vm_)


def stop(vm_):
    '''
    Alias for the obscurely named 'destroy' function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.stop <vm name>
    '''
    return destroy(vm_)


def reboot(vm_):
    '''
    Reboot a domain via ACPI request

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.reboot <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)

    # reboot has a few modes of operation, passing 0 in means the
    # hypervisor will pick the best method for rebooting
    return dom.reboot(0) == 0


def reset(vm_):
    '''
    Reset a VM by emulating the reset button on a physical machine

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.reset <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)

    # reset takes a flag, like reboot, but it is not yet used
    # so we just pass in 0
    # see: http://libvirt.org/html/libvirt-libvirt.html#virDomainReset
    return dom.reset(0) == 0


def ctrl_alt_del(vm_):
    '''
    Sends CTRL+ALT+DEL to a VM

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.ctrl_alt_del <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.sendKey(0, 0, [29, 56, 111], 3, 0) == 0


def create_xml_str(xml):
    '''
    Start a domain based on the XML passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.create_xml_str <XML in string format>
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    return conn.createXML(xml, 0) is not None


def create_xml_path(path):
    '''
    Start a domain based on the XML-file path passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.create_xml_path <path to XML file on the node>
    '''
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        return False
    return create_xml_str(salt.utils.fopen(path, 'r').read())


def define_xml_str(xml):
    '''
    Define a domain based on the XML passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.define_xml_str <XML in string format>
    '''
    conn = __get_conn()
    return conn.defineXML(xml) is not None


def define_xml_path(path):
    '''
    Define a domain based on the XML-file path passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.define_xml_path <path to XML file on the node>

    '''
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        return False
    return define_xml_str(salt.utils.fopen(path, 'r').read())


def define_vol_xml_str(xml):
    '''
    Define a volume based on the XML passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.define_vol_xml_str <XML in string format>
    '''
    poolname = __salt__['config.get']('libvirt:storagepool', 'default')
    conn = __get_conn()
    pool = conn.storagePoolLookupByName(str(poolname))
    return pool.createXML(xml, 0) is not None


def define_vol_xml_path(path):
    '''
    Define a volume based on the XML-file path passed to the function

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.define_vol_xml_path <path to XML file on the node>

    '''
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        return False
    return define_vol_xml_str(salt.utils.fopen(path, 'r').read())


def migrate_non_shared(vm_, target, ssh=False):
    '''
    Attempt to execute non-shared storage "all" migration

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.migrate_non_shared <vm name> <target hypervisor>
    '''
    cmd = _get_migrate_command() + ' --copy-storage-all ' + vm_\
        + _get_target(target, ssh)

    return subprocess.Popen(cmd,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]


def migrate_non_shared_inc(vm_, target, ssh=False):
    '''
    Attempt to execute non-shared storage "all" migration

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.migrate_non_shared_inc <vm name> <target hypervisor>
    '''
    cmd = _get_migrate_command() + ' --copy-storage-inc ' + vm_\
        + _get_target(target, ssh)

    return subprocess.Popen(cmd,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]


def migrate(vm_, target, ssh=False):
    '''
    Shared storage migration

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.migrate <vm name> <target hypervisor>
    '''
    cmd = _get_migrate_command() + ' ' + vm_\
        + _get_target(target, ssh)

    return subprocess.Popen(cmd,
            shell=True,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]


def seed_non_shared_migrate(disks, force=False):
    '''
    Non shared migration requires that the disks be present on the migration
    destination, pass the disks information via this function, to the
    migration destination before executing the migration.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.seed_non_shared_migrate <disks>
    '''
    for _, data in disks.items():
        fn_ = data['file']
        form = data['file format']
        size = data['virtual size'].split()[1][1:]
        if os.path.isfile(fn_) and not force:
            # the target exists, check to see if it is compatible
            pre = yaml.safe_load(subprocess.Popen('qemu-img info arch',
                shell=True,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0])
            if pre['file format'] != data['file format']\
                    and pre['virtual size'] != data['virtual size']:
                return False
        if not os.path.isdir(os.path.dirname(fn_)):
            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(fn_))
        if os.path.isfile(fn_):
            os.remove(fn_)
        cmd = 'qemu-img create -f ' + form + ' ' + fn_ + ' ' + size
        subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
        creds = _libvirt_creds()
        cmd = 'chown ' + creds['user'] + ':' + creds['group'] + ' ' + fn_
        subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
    return True


def set_autostart(vm_, state='on'):
    '''
    Set the autostart flag on a VM so that the VM will start with the host
    system on reboot.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt "*" virt.set_autostart <vm name> <on | off>
    '''

    dom = _get_dom(vm_)

    if state == 'on':
        return dom.setAutostart(1) == 0

    elif state == 'off':
        return dom.setAutostart(0) == 0

    else:
        # return False if state is set to something other then on or off
        return False


def destroy(vm_):
    '''
    Hard power down the virtual machine, this is equivalent to pulling the
    power

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.destroy <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    return dom.destroy() == 0


def undefine(vm_):
    '''
    Remove a defined vm, this does not purge the virtual machine image, and
    this only works if the vm is powered down

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.undefine <vm name>
    '''
    dom = _get_dom(vm_)
    if getattr(libvirt, 'VIR_DOMAIN_UNDEFINE_NVRAM', False):
        # This one is only in 1.2.8+
        return dom.undefineFlags(libvirt.VIR_DOMAIN_UNDEFINE_NVRAM) == 0
    else:
        return dom.undefine() == 0


def purge(vm_, dirs=False):
    '''
    Recursively destroy and delete a virtual machine, pass True for dir's to
    also delete the directories containing the virtual machine disk images -
    USE WITH EXTREME CAUTION!

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.purge <vm name>
    '''
    disks = get_disks(vm_)
    try:
        if not destroy(vm_):
            return False
    except libvirt.libvirtError:
        # This is thrown if the machine is already shut down
        pass
    directories = set()
    for disk in disks:
        os.remove(disks[disk]['file'])
        directories.add(os.path.dirname(disks[disk]['file']))
    if dirs:
        for dir_ in directories:
            shutil.rmtree(dir_)
    undefine(vm_)
    return True


def virt_type():
    '''
    Returns the virtual machine type as a string

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.virt_type
    '''
    return __grains__['virtual']


def is_kvm_hyper():
    '''
    Returns a bool whether or not this node is a KVM hypervisor

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.is_kvm_hyper
    '''
    try:
        if 'kvm_' not in salt.utils.fopen('/proc/modules').read():
            return False
    except IOError:
        # No /proc/modules? Are we on Windows? Or Solaris?
        return False
    return 'libvirtd' in __salt__['cmd.shell'](__grains__['ps'])


def is_xen_hyper():
    '''
    Returns a bool whether or not this node is a XEN hypervisor

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.is_xen_hyper
    '''
    try:
        if __grains__['virtual_subtype'] != 'Xen Dom0':
            return False
    except KeyError:
        # virtual_subtype isn't set everywhere.
        return False
    try:
        if 'xen_' not in salt.utils.fopen('/proc/modules').read():
            return False
    except IOError:
        # No /proc/modules? Are we on Windows? Or Solaris?
        return False
    return 'libvirtd' in __salt__['cmd.shell'](__grains__['ps'])


def is_hyper():
    '''
    Returns a bool whether or not this node is a hypervisor of any kind

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.is_hyper
    '''
    try:
        import libvirt  # pylint: disable=import-error
    except ImportError:
        # not a usable hypervisor without libvirt module
        return False
    return is_xen_hyper() or is_kvm_hyper()


def vm_cputime(vm_=None):
    '''
    Return cputime used by the vms on this hyper in a
    list of dicts:

    .. code-block:: python

        [
            'your-vm': {
                'cputime' <int>
                'cputime_percent' <int>
                },
            ...
            ]

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.vm_cputime
    '''
    host_cpus = __get_conn().getInfo()[2]

    def _info(vm_):
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        raw = dom.info()
        vcpus = int(raw[3])
        cputime = int(raw[4])
        cputime_percent = 0
        if cputime:
            # Divide by vcpus to always return a number between 0 and 100
            cputime_percent = (1.0e-7 * cputime / host_cpus) / vcpus
        return {
                'cputime': int(raw[4]),
                'cputime_percent': int('{0:.0f}'.format(cputime_percent))
               }
    info = {}
    if vm_:
        info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    else:
        for vm_ in list_vms():
            info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    return info


def vm_netstats(vm_=None):
    '''
    Return combined network counters used by the vms on this hyper in a
    list of dicts:

    .. code-block:: python

        [
            'your-vm': {
                'rx_bytes'   : 0,
                'rx_packets' : 0,
                'rx_errs'    : 0,
                'rx_drop'    : 0,
                'tx_bytes'   : 0,
                'tx_packets' : 0,
                'tx_errs'    : 0,
                'tx_drop'    : 0
                },
            ...
            ]

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.vm_netstats
    '''
    def _info(vm_):
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        nics = get_nics(vm_)
        ret = {
                'rx_bytes': 0,
                'rx_packets': 0,
                'rx_errs': 0,
                'rx_drop': 0,
                'tx_bytes': 0,
                'tx_packets': 0,
                'tx_errs': 0,
                'tx_drop': 0
               }
        for attrs in six.itervalues(nics):
            if 'target' in attrs:
                dev = attrs['target']
                stats = dom.interfaceStats(dev)
                ret['rx_bytes'] += stats[0]
                ret['rx_packets'] += stats[1]
                ret['rx_errs'] += stats[2]
                ret['rx_drop'] += stats[3]
                ret['tx_bytes'] += stats[4]
                ret['tx_packets'] += stats[5]
                ret['tx_errs'] += stats[6]
                ret['tx_drop'] += stats[7]

        return ret
    info = {}
    if vm_:
        info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    else:
        for vm_ in list_vms():
            info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    return info


def vm_diskstats(vm_=None):
    '''
    Return disk usage counters used by the vms on this hyper in a
    list of dicts:

    .. code-block:: python

        [
            'your-vm': {
                'rd_req'   : 0,
                'rd_bytes' : 0,
                'wr_req'   : 0,
                'wr_bytes' : 0,
                'errs'     : 0
                },
            ...
            ]

    If you pass a VM name in as an argument then it will return info
    for just the named VM, otherwise it will return all VMs.

    CLI Example:

    .. code-block:: bash

        salt '*' virtng.vm_blockstats
    '''
    def get_disk_devs(vm_):
        doc = minidom.parse(_StringIO(get_xml(vm_)))
        disks = []
        for elem in doc.getElementsByTagName('disk'):
            targets = elem.getElementsByTagName('target')
            target = targets[0]
            disks.append(target.getAttribute('dev'))
        return disks

    def _info(vm_):
        dom = _get_dom(vm_)
        # Do not use get_disks, since it uses qemu-img and is very slow
        # and unsuitable for any sort of real time statistics
        disks = get_disk_devs(vm_)
        ret = {'rd_req': 0,
               'rd_bytes': 0,
               'wr_req': 0,
               'wr_bytes': 0,
               'errs': 0
               }
        for disk in disks:
            stats = dom.blockStats(disk)
            ret['rd_req'] += stats[0]
            ret['rd_bytes'] += stats[1]
            ret['wr_req'] += stats[2]
            ret['wr_bytes'] += stats[3]
            ret['errs'] += stats[4]

        return ret
    info = {}
    if vm_:
        info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    else:
        # Can not run function blockStats on inactive VMs
        for vm_ in list_active_vms():
            info[vm_] = _info(vm_)
    return info