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=====
Usage
=====
Salt is a new approach to infrastructure management. Easy enough to get
running in minutes, scalable enough to manage tens of thousands of servers,
and fast enough to communicate with them in seconds.
Salt delivers a dynamic communication bus for infrastructures that can be used
for orchestration, remote execution, configuration management and much more.
Sample Metadata
===============
Salt Master
-----------
Salt master with base formulas and pillar metadata back end:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_single_pillar.sls
:language: yaml
Salt master with reclass ENC metadata back end:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_single_reclass.sls
:language: yaml
Salt master with Architect ENC metadata back end:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
pillar:
engine: architect
project: project-name
host: architect-api
port: 8181
username: salt
password: password
Salt master with multiple ``ext_pillars``:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
pillar:
engine: salt
source:
engine: local
ext_pillars:
1:
module: cmd_json
params: '"echo {\"arg\": \"val\"}"'
2:
module: cmd_yaml
params: /usr/local/bin/get_yml.sh
Salt master with API:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_api.sls
:language: yaml
Salt master with defined user ACLs:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_acl.sls
:language: yaml
Salt master with preset minions:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
minions:
- name: 'node1.system.location.domain.com'
Salt master with pip based installation (optional):
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
...
source:
engine: pip
version: 2016.3.0rc2
Install formula through system package management:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
...
environment:
prd:
keystone:
source: pkg
name: salt-formula-keystone
nova:
source: pkg
name: salt-formula-keystone
version: 0.1+0~20160818133412.24~1.gbp6e1ebb
postresql:
source: pkg
name: salt-formula-postgresql
version: purged
Formula keystone is installed latest version and the formulas
without version are installed in one call to aptpkg module.
If the version attribute is present sls iterates over formulas
and take action to install specific version or remove it.
The version attribute may have these values
``[latest|purged|removed|<VERSION>]``.
Clone master branch of keystone formula as local feature branch:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
...
environment:
dev:
formula:
keystone:
source: git
address: git@github.com:openstack/salt-formula-keystone.git
revision: master
branch: feature
Salt master with specified formula refs (for example, for Gerrit
review):
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
...
environment:
dev:
formula:
keystone:
source: git
address: https://git.openstack.org/openstack/salt-formula-keystone
revision: refs/changes/56/123456/1
Salt master logging configuration:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
log:
level: warning
file: '/var/log/salt/master'
level_logfile: warning
Salt minion logging configuration:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
enabled: true
log:
level: info
file: '/var/log/salt/minion'
level_logfile: warning
Salt master with logging handlers:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
handler:
handler01:
engine: udp
bind:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 9999
minion:
handler:
handler01:
engine: udp
bind:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 9999
handler02:
engine: zmq
bind:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 9999
Salt engine definition for saltgraph metadata collector:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
engine:
graph_metadata:
engine: saltgraph
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5432
user: salt
password: salt
database: salt
Salt engine definition for Architect service:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
engine:
architect:
engine: architect
project: project-name
host: architect-api
port: 8181
username: salt
password: password
Salt engine definition for sending events from docker events:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
engine:
docker_events:
docker_url: unix://var/run/docker.sock
Salt master peer setup for remote certificate signing:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
peer:
".*":
- x509.sign_remote_certificate
Salt master backup configuration:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
backup: true
initial_data:
engine: backupninja
home_dir: remote-backup-home-dir
source: backup-node-host
host: original-salt-master-id
Configure verbosity of state output (used for :command:`salt`
command):
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
state_output: changes
Pass pillar render error to minion log:
.. note:: When set to `False` this option is great for debuging.
However it is not recomended for any production environment as it may contain
templating data as passwords, and so on, that minion should not expose.
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
pillar_safe_render_error: False
Enable Windows repository support:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
win_repo:
source: git
address: https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo-ng
revision: master
Configure a gitfs_remotes resource:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
gitfs_remotes:
salt_formula:
url: https://github.com/salt-formulas/salt-formula-salt.git
enabled: true
params:
base: master
Read more about gitfs resource options in the official Salt documentation.
Event/Reactor systems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Salt to synchronize node pillar and modules after start:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
reactor:
salt/minion/*/start:
- salt://salt/reactor/node_start.sls
Trigger basic node install:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
reactor:
salt/minion/install:
- salt://salt/reactor/node_install.sls
Sample event to trigger the node installation:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call event.send 'salt/minion/install'
Run any defined orchestration pipeline:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
reactor:
salt/orchestrate/start:
- salt://salt/reactor/orchestrate_start.sls
Event to trigger the orchestration pipeline:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call event.send 'salt/orchestrate/start' "{'orchestrate': 'salt/orchestrate/infra_install.sls'}"
Synchronise modules and pillars on minion start:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
reactor:
'salt/minion/*/start':
- salt://salt/reactor/minion_start.sls
Add and/or remove the minion key:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
reactor:
salt/key/create:
- salt://salt/reactor/key_create.sls
salt/key/remove:
- salt://salt/reactor/key_remove.sls
Event to trigger the key creation:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call event.send 'salt/key/create' \
> "{'node_id': 'id-of-minion', 'node_host': '172.16.10.100', 'orch_post_create': 'kubernetes.orchestrate.compute_install', 'post_create_pillar': {'node_name': 'id-of-minion'}}"
.. note::
You can add pass additional ``orch_pre_create``, ``orch_post_create``,
``orch_pre_remove`` or ``orch_post_remove`` parameters to the event
to call extra orchestrate files. This can be useful for example for
registering/unregistering nodes from the monitoring alarms or dashboards.
The key creation event needs to be run from other machine than the one
being registered.
Event to trigger the key removal:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call event.send 'salt/key/remove'
Control VM provisioning:
.. code-block:: yaml
_param:
private-ipv4: &private-ipv4
- id: private-ipv4
type: ipv4
link: ens2
netmask: 255.255.255.0
routes:
- gateway: 192.168.0.1
netmask: 0.0.0.0
network: 0.0.0.0
virt:
disk:
three_disks:
- system:
size: 4096
image: ubuntu.qcow
- repository_snapshot:
size: 8192
image: snapshot.qcow
- cinder-volume:
size: 2048
nic:
control:
- name: nic01
bridge: br-pxe
model: virtio
- name: nic02
bridge: br-cp
model: virtio
- name: nic03
bridge: br-store-front
model: virtio
- name: nic04
bridge: br-public
model: virtio
- name: nic05
bridge: br-prv
model: virtio
virtualport:
type: openvswitch
salt:
control:
enabled: true
virt_enabled: true
size:
medium_three_disks:
cpu: 2
ram: 4
disk_profile: three_disks
cluster:
mycluster:
domain: neco.virt.domain.com
engine: virt
# Cluster global settings
rng: false
enable_vnc: True
seed: cloud-init
cloud_init:
user_data:
disable_ec2_metadata: true
resize_rootfs: True
timezone: UTC
ssh_deletekeys: True
ssh_genkeytypes: ['rsa', 'dsa', 'ecdsa']
ssh_svcname: ssh
locale: en_US.UTF-8
disable_root: true
apt_preserve_sources_list: false
apt:
sources_list: ""
sources:
ubuntu.list:
source: ${linux:system:repo:ubuntu:source}
mcp_saltstack.list:
source: ${linux:system:repo:mcp_saltstack:source}
node:
ubuntu1:
provider: node01.domain.com
image: ubuntu.qcow
size: medium
img_dest: /var/lib/libvirt/ssdimages
# Node settings override cluster global ones
enable_vnc: False
rng:
backend: /dev/urandom
model: random
rate:
period: '1800'
bytes: '1500'
# Custom per-node loader definition (e.g. for AArch64 UEFI)
loader:
readonly: yes
type: pflash
path: /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd
machine: virt-2.11 # Custom per-node virt machine type
cpu_mode: host-passthrough
cpuset: '1-4'
mac:
nic01: AC:DE:48:AA:AA:AA
nic02: AC:DE:48:AA:AA:BB
# netconfig affects: hostname during boot
# manual interfaces configuration
cloud_init:
network_data:
networks:
- <<: *private-ipv4
ip_address: 192.168.0.161
user_data:
salt_minion:
conf:
master: 10.1.1.1
ubuntu2:
seed: qemu-nbd
cloud_init:
enabled: false
There are two methods to seed an initial Salt minion configuration to
Libvirt VMs: mount a disk and update a filesystem or create a ConfigDrive with
a Cloud-init config. This is controlled by the "seed" parameter on cluster and
node levels. When set to _True_ or "qemu-nbd", the old method of mounting a disk
will be used. When set to "cloud-init", the new method will be used. When set
to _False_, no seeding will happen. The default value is _True_, meaning
the "qemu-nbd" method will be used. This is done for backward compatibility
and may be changed in future.
The recommended method is to use Cloud-init.
It's controlled by the "cloud_init" dictionary on cluster and node levels.
Node level parameters are merged on top of cluster level parameters.
The Salt Minion config is populated automatically based on a VM name and config
settings of the minion who is actually executing a state. To override them,
add the "salt_minion" section into the "user_data" section as shown above.
It is possible to disable Cloud-init by setting "cloud_init.enabled" to _False_.
To enable Redis plugin for the Salt caching subsystem, use the
below pillar structure:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
cache:
plugin: redis
host: localhost
port: 6379
db: '0'
password: pass_word
bank_prefix: 'MCP'
bank_keys_prefix: 'MCPKEY'
key_prefix: 'KEY'
separator: '@'
Jinja options
-------------
Use the following options to update default Jinja renderer options.
Salt recognize Jinja options for templates and for the ``sls`` files.
For full list of options, see Jinja documentation:
http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/api/#high-level-api
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
renderer:
# for templates
jinja: &jina_env
# Default Jinja environment options
block_start_string: '{%'
block_end_string: '%}'
variable_start_string: '{{'
variable_end_string: '}}'
comment_start_string: '{#'
comment_end_string: '#}'
keep_trailing_newline: False
newline_sequence: '\n'
# Next two are enabled by default in Salt
trim_blocks: True
lstrip_blocks: True
# Next two are not enabled by default in Salt
# but worth to consider to enable in future for salt-formulas
line_statement_prefix: '%'
line_comment_prefix: '##'
# for .sls state files
jinja_sls: *jinja_env
With the ``line_statement/comment* _prefix`` options enabled following
code statements are valid:
.. code-block:: yaml
%- set myvar = 'one'
## You can mix even with '{%'
{%- set myvar = 'two' %} ## comment
%- set mylist = ['one', 'two', 'three'] ## comment
## comment
%- for item in mylist: ## comment
{{- item }}
%- endfor
Encrypted pillars
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. note:: NACL and the below configuration will be available in Salt > 2017.7.
External resources:
- Tutorial to configure the Salt and Reclass ``ext_pillar`` and NACL:
http://apealive.net/post/2017-09-salt-nacl-ext-pillar/
- SaltStack documentation:
https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/salt.modules.nacl.html
Configure salt NACL module:
.. code-block:: bash
pip install --upgrade libnacl===1.5.2
salt-call --local nacl.keygen /etc/salt/pki/master/nacl
local:
saved sk_file:/etc/salt/pki/master/nacl pk_file: /etc/salt/pki/master/nacl.pub
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
pillar:
reclass: *reclass
nacl:
index: 99
nacl:
box_type: sealedbox
sk_file: /etc/salt/pki/master/nacl
pk_file: /etc/salt/pki/master/nacl.pub
#sk: None
#pk: None
NACL encrypt secrets:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call --local nacl.enc 'my_secret_value' pk_file=/etc/salt/pki/master/nacl.pub
hXTkJpC1hcKMS7yZVGESutWrkvzusXfETXkacSklIxYjfWDlMJmR37MlmthdIgjXpg4f2AlBKb8tc9Woma7q
# or
salt-run nacl.enc 'myotherpass'
ADDFD0Rav6p6+63sojl7Htfrncp5rrDVyeE4BSPO7ipq8fZuLDIVAzQLf4PCbDqi+Fau5KD3/J/E+Pw=
NACL encrypted values on pillar:
Use Boxed syntax `NACL[CryptedValue=]` to encode value on pillar:
.. code-block:: yaml
my_pillar:
my_nacl:
key0: unencrypted_value
key1: NACL[hXTkJpC1hcKMS7yZVGESutWrkvzusXfETXkacSklIxYjfWDlMJmR37MlmthdIgjXpg4f2AlBKb8tc9Woma7q]
NACL large files:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-call nacl.enc_file /tmp/cert.crt out=/srv/salt/env/dev/cert.nacl
# or more advanced
cert=$(cat /tmp/cert.crt)
salt-call --out=newline_values_only nacl.enc_pub data="$cert" > /srv/salt/env/dev/cert.nacl
NACL within template/native pillars:
.. code-block:: yaml
pillarexample:
user: root
password1: {{salt.nacl.dec('DRB7Q6/X5gGSRCTpZyxS6hlbWj0llUA+uaVyvou3vJ4=')|json}}
cert_key: {{salt.nacl.dec_file('/srv/salt/env/dev/certs/example.com/cert.nacl')|json}}
cert_key2: {{salt.nacl.dec_file('salt:///certs/example.com/cert2.nacl')|json}}
Salt Syndic
-----------
The master of masters:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
master:
enabled: true
order_masters: True
Lower syndicated master:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
syndic:
enabled: true
master:
host: master-of-master-host
timeout: 5
Syndicated master with multiple master of masters:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
syndic:
enabled: true
masters:
- host: master-of-master-host1
- host: master-of-master-host2
timeout: 5
Salt Minion
-----------
Minion ID by default triggers dependency on Linux formula, as it uses fqdn
configured from `linux.system.name` and `linux.system.domain` pillar.
To override, provide exact minion ID you require. The same can be set for
master ID rendered at ``master.conf``.
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
id: minion1.production
master:
id: master.production
Simplest Salt minion setup with central configuration node:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_master.sls
:language: yaml
Multi-master Salt minion setup:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_multi_master.sls
:language: yaml
Salt minion with salt mine options:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_mine.sls
:language: yaml
Salt minion with graphing dependencies:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_graph.sls
:language: yaml
Salt minion behind HTTP proxy:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
proxy:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 3128
Salt minion to specify non-default HTTP backend. The default
tornado backend does not respect HTTP proxy settings set as
environment variables. This is useful for cases where you need
to set no_proxy lists.
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
backend: urllib2
Salt minion with PKI certificate authority (CA):
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_pki_ca.sls
:language: yaml
Salt minion using PKI certificate
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/minion_pki_cert.sls
:language: yaml
Salt minion trust CA certificates issued by salt CA on a
specific host (ie: salt-master node):
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
trusted_ca_minions:
- cfg01
Salt Minion Proxy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Salt proxy pillar:
.. code-block:: yaml
salt:
minion:
proxy_minion:
master: localhost
device:
vsrx01.mydomain.local:
enabled: true
engine: napalm
csr1000v.mydomain.local:
enabled: true
engine: napalm
.. note:: This is pillar of the the real salt-minion
Proxy pillar for IOS device:
.. code-block:: yaml
proxy:
proxytype: napalm
driver: ios
host: csr1000v.mydomain.local
username: root
passwd: r00tme
.. note:: This is pillar of the node thats not able to run
salt-minion itself.
Proxy pillar for JunOS device:
.. code-block:: yaml
proxy:
proxytype: napalm
driver: junos
host: vsrx01.mydomain.local
username: root
passwd: r00tme
optional_args:
config_format: set
.. note:: This pillar applies to the node that can not run
salt-minion itself.
Salt SSH
~~~~~~~~
Salt SSH with sudoer using key:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_ssh_minion_key.sls
:language: yaml
Salt SSH with sudoer using password:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_ssh_minion_password.sls
:language: yaml
Salt SSH with root using password:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/master_ssh_minion_root.sls
:language: yaml
Salt control (cloud/kvm/docker)
-------------------------------
Salt cloud with local OpenStack provider:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/control_cloud_openstack.sls
:language: yaml
Salt cloud with Digital Ocean provider:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/control_cloud_digitalocean.sls
:language: yaml
Salt virt with KVM cluster:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/control_virt.sls
:language: yaml
Salt virt with custom destination for image file:
.. literalinclude:: tests/pillar/control_virt_custom.sls
:language: yaml
Usage
=====
Working with salt-cloud:
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -m /path/to/map --assume-yes
Debug LIBCLOUD for salt-cloud connection:
.. code-block:: bash
export LIBCLOUD_DEBUG=/dev/stderr; salt-cloud --list-sizes provider_name --log-level all
Read more
=========
* http://salt.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
* https://github.com/DanielBryan/salt-state-graph
* http://karlgrz.com/testing-salt-states-rapidly-with-docker/
* https://mywushublog.com/2013/03/configuration-management-with-salt-stack/
* http://russell.ballestrini.net/replace-the-nagios-scheduler-and-nrpe-with-salt-stack/
* https://github.com/saltstack-formulas/salt-formula
* http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/tutorials/multimaster.html
salt-cloud
----------
* http://www.blog.sandro-mathys.ch/2013/07/setting-user-password-when-launching.html
* http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/examples.html
* http://salt-cloud.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/install/index.html
* http://docs.saltstack.com/topics/cloud/digitalocean.html
* http://salt-cloud.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/rackspace.html
* http://salt-cloud.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/map.html
* http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/tutorials/multimaster.html
Documentation and Bugs
======================
* http://salt-formulas.readthedocs.io/
Learn how to install and update salt-formulas
* https://github.com/salt-formulas/salt-formula-salt/issues
In the unfortunate event that bugs are discovered, report the issue to the
appropriate issue tracker. Use the Github issue tracker for a specific salt
formula
* https://launchpad.net/salt-formulas
For feature requests, bug reports, or blueprints affecting the entire
ecosystem, use the Launchpad salt-formulas project
* https://launchpad.net/~salt-formulas-users
Join the salt-formulas-users team and subscribe to mailing list if required
* https://github.com/salt-formulas/salt-formula-salt
Develop the salt-formulas projects in the master branch and then submit pull
requests against a specific formula
* #salt-formulas @ irc.freenode.net
Use this IRC channel in case of any questions or feedback which is always
welcome